Exploring the Linux File System¶

In this exercise, we will look at how to navigate and move files in the Linux file system using the Ubuntu GUI, and learn some of the basics of Linux file attributes.

Using the File Browser to Navigate¶

Open the folder browser application we opened in the previous exercise. You should see a window like the one below. The icons and text above the main window show the current location of the window in the file system.
The icons at the top constitute the “location bar” of the file browser. While the location bar is very useful for navigating in the GUI, it hides the exact location of the window. You can show the location by pressing Ctrl+L. You should see the location bar turn into something like the image below:
The folder browser opens up in the user’s home folder by default. This folder is typically /home/<username>, which in this training computer is /home/peko. This folder is the only one which the user has full access to. This is by design for security’s sake.
By default, the file browser doesn’t show hidden files (files which begin with a . character) or “backup” files (which end with a ~ character). To show these files, press Ctrl+H. This will show all of the hidden files. Press it again, and the files are again hidden.
Two hidden directories are never shown:

“.” – a folder, which is a special folder that represents the current folder

“..” – a folder which represents the parent folder of the current folder. These will become important in the next exercise.
On the left hand side of the window are some quick links to removable devices, other hard drives, bookmarks, etc. Click on the “Computer” shortcut link. This will take you to the “root” of the file system, the / folder. All of the files on the computer are in sub-folders under this folder.
Double click on the opt folder, then the ros folder. This is where all of the ROS software resides. Each version is stored in its own folder; we should see a Noetic folder there. Double-click on that folder. The setup.bash file will be used later in this training to configure the terminal for ROS. The programs, data, etc. are in the bin and share folders. You generally do not need to modify any of these files directly, but it is good to know where they reside.

Making changes¶

Next, you will learn to create, change, rename, and remove files and folders.

Make a directory <Home>/linux_intro. We will be working within this folder.
1. Inside the file browser, click on the “Home” shortcut in the left sidebar.
2. Right click in the file browser’s main panel and select “New Folder”.
3. Name the folder “linux_intro” and press “Enter”.
Make a file test.txt inside the newly-created linux_intro folder.
1. Double-click on the linux_intro folder. Note how the File Browser header changes to show the current folder.
2. Right click in the file browser and “Open in Terminal” Then insert the following command
```
touch test.txt
```
Copy the file using one of the following methods:
- Click and hold on the test.txt file, hold down on the control key, drag somewhere else on the folder, and release.
- Click on the file, go to the “Copy” from the “Edit” menu, and then “Paste” from the “Edit” menu.
  
  Hint
  
  To see the Menu, hover your mouse above the bar at the top of the screen
Rename the copied file to copy.txt using one of the following methods:
- Right-click on the copied file, select “Rename…” and enter copy.txt.
- Click on the file, press the F2 key, and enter copy.txt.
Create a folder new using one of the following methods:
- Right-click on an open area of the file browser window, select “New Folder”, and naming it new
- Select “New Folder” from the “File” menu, and naming it new
Move the file copy.txt into the new folder by dragging the file into the new folder.
Copy the file test.txt by holding down the Control key while dragging the file into the new folder.
Navigate into the new folder, and delete the test.txt folder by clicking on the file, and pressing the delete key.